AP Biology Scores - Learn What You Need for College

Biology is the most popular of the Advanced Placement natural science subjects, and over a quarter million students take the AP Biology exam every year. The great majority of colleges will offer course credit for an exam score of a 4 or 5, although there are a few highly selective schools that do not award either credit or course placement. About the AP Biology Course and Exam The AP Biology is a lab science course, and at least 25 percent of class time will be spent conducting hands-on laboratory learning. Along with important terminology and biological principles, the course covers inquiry and reasoning skills that are central to the sciences. The course is organized around four central ideas that are essential for understanding living organisms and biological system: Evolution. Students must understand the various processes that drive genetic change.Cellular Processes: Energy and Communication. This element of the course focuses on the ways that living systems capture energy and use feedback loops with their external environments.Genetics and Information Transfer. Students learn about sexual and asexual reproduction and the ways in which genetic information is transmitted to offspring.Interactions. From the cellular level to populations to entire ecosystems, biological systems rely upon various types of interactions. Students learn about both competition and cooperation. AP Biology Score Information In 2018, 259,663 students took the AP Biology exam, and the mean score was 2.87.  159,733 (61.5%) of those students scored a 3 or higher indicating that they have proven a level of competency to potentially earn college credit.   The distribution of scores for the AP Biology exam is as follows: AP Biology Score Percentiles (2018 Data) Score Number of Students Percentage of Students 5 18,594 7.2 4 55,964 21.6 3 85,175 32.8 2 73,544 28.3 1 26,386 10.2 :Unlike the SAT or ACT, reporting AP test scores to colleges is typically optional, so a score of 1 or 2 wont necessarily hurt your college chances if you earned good grades in the class. College Credit and Course Placement for AP Biology Most colleges and universities have a science and lab requirement, so a high score on the AP Biology exam will sometimes fulfill this requirement. The table below presents some representative data from a variety of colleges and universities. This information is meant to provide a general overview of the scoring and placement practices related to the AP Biology exam. For other schools, youll need to explore the college website or contact the appropriate Registrars office to get AP placement information. Sample AP Biology Scores and Placement College Score Needed Placement Credit Georgia Tech 5 BIOL 1510 (4 semester hours) Grinnell College 4 or 5 4 semester credits; no placement Hamilton College 4 or 5 1 credit after completing a course beyond BIO 110 LSU 3, 4 or 5 BIOL 1201, 1202 (6 credits) for a 3; BIOL 1201, 1202, 1208, 1209 (8 credits) for a 4 or 5 MIT - no credit or placement for AP Biology Mississippi State University 4 or 5 BIO 1123 (3 credits) for a 4; BIO 1123 and BIO 1023 (6 credits) for a 5 Notre Dame 4 or 5 Biological Sciences 10101 (3 credits) for a 4; Biological Sciences 10098 and 10099 (8 credits) for a 5 Reed College 4 or 5 1 credit; no placement Stanford University - No credit for AP Biology Truman State University 3, 4 or 5 BIOL 100 Biology (4 credits) for a 3; BIOL 107 Introductory Biology I (4 credits) for a 4 or 5 UCLA (School of Letters and Science) 3, 4 or 5 8 credits; no placement Yale University 5 1 credit; MCDB 105a or b, 107a, 109b, or 120a As you can see, some highly selective schools such as UCLA and Grinnell provide elective credits but no placement for a strong AP Biology score. Stanford and MIT have even less confidence in the course and exam, and those schools offer no credit or placement.   A Final Word About AP Biology AP Biology can be an excellent choice for students who are planning a pre-health or pre-vet track in college. This are typically rigorous and structured academic paths, so placing out of a course gives you valuable flexibility in your college schedule. And, of course, youll be entering college with some college-level biology under your belt. AP Chemistry and AP Calculus can also be valuable for students planning to major in STEM fields. Whatever you plan to study in college, taking Advanced Placement classes strengthen your college applications.  A strong academic record is the most important piece of the admissions equation, and success in challenging college-preparatory classes such as Advanced Placement is one of the most meaningful ways that a college can predict your college preparedness.

Essay about Themes in The Crucible - 1294 Words

Themes in The Crucible In the crucible Arthur Miller takes the chilling story of the Salem witch hunt in 1692 and combines it with the issues of McCarthyism in the 1950s. The play reflects Miller’s ideas and opinions about McCarthyism and what he thinks are the similarities to the Salem witch hunts. Proctor is the main character Millers uses to reflect the unfairness of the Salem and McCarthy trials and how the truth died in the 1950s. This makes Proctor’s role very dramatic and exciting. Miller also uses a dramatic licence to make this even more so – adding the love to Elizabeth and guilt about Abigail gives the story an intriguing twist. The whole nature of Proctor makes him an exciting and complex character; as a result†¦show more content†¦The whole theme of Proctor’s affair adds a dramatic twist to the plot. Affairs are stereotypically exciting and the deceitfulness, lust and lies that come into play with this particular example make it especially interesting for the audience. The wrong things done here in the name of lust have a certain attraction – it is almost intoxicating. One of the things that makes Proctor such an important character in the Crucible is the fact that he stands for the truth and fights for the innocents. His strongest weapon in this fight is his powerful speaking. His speeches and comments don’t just have an effect on the other characters in the play but on the audience too. â€Å"You are pulling Heaven down and raising up a whore!† – this is a very strong statement as Heaven is the symbolises highest good and is a force of God. To pull it down and so denounce God and place a whore in God’s place is very dramatic because of the extremes, it’s almost absurd to the Salem society. Persuasive techniques are even used in his lines, by presenting his opinions as statements it seems as though they’re facts and unquestionable; â€Å"God is dead† and â€Å"they’re pretending† are good examples of this. This techniques involve the audience as they make the audience develop opinions about issues in the play and care about what happens to characters. Proctor’s use of emotion when heShow MoreRelatedThe Crucible - Theme of Revenge1414 Words   |  6 PagesA dramatist who explores the theme of revenge throughout his play is Arthur Miller in ‘The Crucible. There are different characters in this play that carry this theme of revenge, Abigail being one in particular, as she seeks revenge against Goody Proctor. This is due to Goody Proctor firing Abigail from her job after she had found out Abigail had had an affair with her husband. This seventeen-year-old girl also has an endless capacity for dissembling. John Proctor, Reverend Parris, and the Putnam’sRead MoreTheme Of Reputation In The Crucible946 Words   |  4 PagesThe Importance of Reputation in The Crucible In Arthur Millers The Crucible the theme of having a good reputation is crucial to the story and holds more significance in my opinion than any other present theme. Miller presents the importance of reputation to us through the direct statements of characters and also through the fact that a character may represent an idea that pertains to reputation. As an example one of the leading characters John Proctor makes it very clear throughout the play thatRead MoreTheme Of Betrayal In The Crucible1436 Words   |  6 PagesArthur Miller wrote The Crucible, which is about the witchcraft that begins in the home of Reverend Parris. His daughter Betty, who is obviously affected by witchcraft after he had found Betty and her friends performing witchcraft with Tituba. Long after the teenage girls were caught, they came up with a scheme to keep themselves out of trouble. Along this journey the girls’ false stories ended up hurting the people they loved. In this story, Author Miller shows the theme is about good vs evil, survivalRead MoreTheme Of Hysteria In The Crucible1060 Words   |  5 Pageswords that sum up the plot of The Crucible, by Arthur Miller. The Crucible is about the Salem witch trials in 1692. Several young girls claim to be afflicted by witchcraft, starting with Reverend Parriss daughter, Betty. The â€Å"afflicted† girls accuse people in the town of witchcraft, often choosing those who they or their families dislike. This leads to hysteria in the town and people being wrongly accused of witchcraft and being hung from it. In The Crucible, Arthur Miller wants to make the pointRead MoreThe Crucible Theme of Pride925 Words   |  4 PagesThe Theme of Pride in the Play The Crucible Pride can be defined positively and negatively, it can mean a sense of ones own proper dignity or value or self-respect, or an excessively high opinion of oneself or conceit, respectively. In the play which portrays both sides of pride we are transported to the late sixteen hundreds and introduced to the town of Salem in the province of Massachusetts Bay during the time of witch trials, and it’s excessively superstitious habitants. Some of the fictitiousRead MoreTheme Of Reputation In The Crucible981 Words   |  4 PagesThe play The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, takes place in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. Reverend Paris is the head preacher of Salem and constantly felt the need to keep up his reputation so the people would respect him. John Proctor felt the need to preserve his reputation, and ultimately died rather then live with a bad name. Abigail refused to admit the truth at the end of the trial because she knew it would ruin the way the town saw her. But is a good name better than the truth? Throughout TheRead MoreThe Theme Of Fear In The Crucible940 Words   |  4 Pagesthinking emotionally† which is exemplified thoroughly in The Crucible. Hysteria is defined as- exaggerated or uncontrollable emotion or excitement, especially among a group of people. During a time of despair or crisis, people rely on their primal instincts rather than their moral views or opinions. Emotions become more powerful and overwhelming in times of â€Å"hysteria† than any other situation. In Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, Miller uses the theme of hysteria as the deeper meaning of the novel to argueRead MoreTheme Of Hysteria In The Crucible824 Words   |  4 PagesHysteria is a psychological disorder, a lot of the reasons why Abigail was blaming all of these people for having this specific disorder. This disorder can lead to uncontrollable emotions or excitement among a group of people. This theme was used across the whole entire play. â€Å"Let eith er of you breathe a word, or the edge of a word, about the other things, and I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and I will bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you. And you know I can do it;Read MoreThe Crucible Theme of Religion Essay731 Words   |  3 PagesIn The Crucible, Arthur Miller uses themes to display thoughts throughout the book. The theme that seems to be the center point of the story is religion. Religion is on the character’s minds with every action they do. When something goes wrong in the town, religion is sought out as a cause. When the witch trials begin, the devil is supposed to be the source of the troubles. Arthur Miller vividly uses religion to show the readers how important religion is to the people of Salem. At the start of TheRead MoreTheme Of Hysteria In The Crucible909 Words   |  4 PagesHysteria is an uncontrollable emotion, usually involving a group of people. In the play The Crucible, hysteria is shown throughout many ways. The small Massachusetts Bay Colony forwent many changes over the span of a year. In this religious town, innocent people were martyred, neighbors turned against neighbors, and even the minister became corrupt and turned away from God. In Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, irony helps to depict hysteria in the town of Salem through the Theocracy of the town, the

A Comparison in Anthem Free Essays

ANTHEM In Ayn Rand’s Anthem, the story of Equality 7-2521 and the expulsion of Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden can be compared and contrasted in many different ways. Two of those are their similarities and differences. They include both personal and behavioral similarities as well as personal and behavioral differences. We will write a custom essay sample on A Comparison in Anthem or any similar topic only for you Order Now They will be stated in the following paragraphs. There are similarities between Equality 7-2521 and Adam. They were both born with a natural curiosity. The curiosity caused them to do something that was explicitly forbidden. This led Equality 7-2521 to rediscover something that was wiped from human memory for a great length of time as stated on page 52: â€Å"We, Equality 7-2521, have discovered a new power of nature. And  we have discovered it alone, and we alone are to know it. † (Rand 41)He attempted to share his discovery but was rejected and scorned. Adam’s curiosity led him to eat the â€Å"forbidden† fruit from the tree from the center of the Garden of Eden. This action caused his banishment from the Garden of Eden. What they both committed was considered by the governing authority to be sins. Equality 7-2521 was forced to run away because he dared to have an independent mind. Adam was forced out of Eden because he did not obey God. Also†¦ They were condemned for committing a great â€Å"sin. † The â€Å"sin† was disobeying a godlike authority. Equality and Adam both obtained information that was forbidden by the authority that governed them. Equality obtained forbidden information through secretly studying information on the time before the Great Rebirth, rediscovering electricity and creating a piece of electrical equipment. The World Council banned such actions so when he tried to convince the Council of Scholars, they threatened to report him and destroy his discovery as stated on 72: â€Å"You shall be burned at the stake,† said Democracy 4-6998. â€Å"No, they shall be lashed,† said Unanimity 7-3304, â€Å"till there is  nothing left under the lashes. † And page 74: â€Å"This thing,† they said, â€Å"must be destroyed. †Ã‚  And all the others cried as one: â€Å"It must be destroyed! â€Å"(Rand 41) He was forced to run deep into the uncharted forest where he hid. Adam obtained the forbidden information through eating the â€Å"forbidden† fruit from the tree at the center of Eden. He gained knowledge of many things that were forbidden by God. As a result, he was banished from Eden. The similarities have been stated although†¦ There are also differences between Adam and Equality 7-2521. One is the sin they committed. Equality 7-2521 committed the sin of individual thought. He dared to live, think and love for himself. He also rediscovered electricity by himself, which was considered evil because he didn’t work with the rest of his â€Å"brothers† as stated on page 73: â€Å"So you think that you have found a new power,† said Collective  0-0009. â€Å"Do you think all your brothers think that?   Ã¢â‚¬Å"No,† we answered. â€Å"What is not thought by all men cannot be true,† said Collective   0-0009. â€Å"You have worked on this alone? † asked International 1-5537. â€Å"Yes,† we answered. â€Å"What is not done collectively cannot be good,† said International 1-5537. †(Rand 41)Adam committe d the sin of disobedience. He ate the â€Å"forbidden† fruit when God specifically told him not to. As a result, he was banished from the Garden of Eden. Another difference is how they reacted after they left their residence. When Adam was banished, he did not seek revenge against God. He decided to continue living as normally as possible. Equality 7-2521 on the other hand, decided to start a new society that permits individual thought and makes it his goal to tear down the society he lived in and raze the city he lived in to the ground. In conclusion, Equality 7-2521’s story is some that can be easily compared and contrasted with the Expulsion of Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden. This essay summarized their similarities and differences. There are many other ways to compare and contrast Adam and Equality 7-2521 that are not written in this essay. They may be in a different one. Works Cited Rand, Ayn. Anthem: Student Edition Toronto: Signet, 1995. How to cite A Comparison in Anthem, Essay examples

Faking da Funk by Tim Chey Essay Example For Students

Faking da Funk by Tim Chey Essay After watching the movie Fakin da Funk, I was able to identify five themes connected to race, ethnicity, and the stereotypes of speaking black?. These five themes include racist stereotypes, racist misconceptions, ethnicity differentiation, and mistreatment because of race. The movie Fakin da Funk starts out with a black mother and father waiting to receive their young baby. The child finally comes but the only problem is the ethnical background of the child is different from that of the mother and father. Despite this the mother doesnt mind and says she wouldnt mind keeping it while the father continues to argue with the man who brought the baby and says that they cant keep the baby because it is not black and because there could be future problems with the Asian child growing up in the hood?. Eventually they adopt Julian and he becomes their son. The first theme that became apparent to me as I watched the movie was the theme of racial misconceptions. As Julian was playing basketball one day in the park his black counterparts were playing ball and Julian wanted to play. For the simple fact that Julian was Asian one of the young black males began to ridicule Julian and make Chinese jokes about him. I believe that being able to excel in basketball does not require one to be of a certain race or ethnicity. Also often times I see people having racial misconceptions about people because of how they act or where they originate from. For example a lot of people say that Asians are smart just because they are Asian. That is definitely not true because all humans are smart in their own way. The next theme that I was able to identify is the theme of racist stereotypes. Julian was an Asian in a black family and a lot of people did not believe that he was being himself when he was apparently speaking black?. There was a part of the movie where one of Julians friends told him to stop speaking black. To me speaking black is a racist stereotype towards black people because there is in fact no such thing as speaking black in my opinion. There are a lot of times where I see that blacks or others might tell one of their friends to stop acting black and it really upsets me because that person is being extremely ignorant in terms of how one must speak. The next theme that was apparent to me in Fakin da funk is the theme of ethnicity differentiation. There was an Asian exchange student named May-ling who was also looking for her family members but she ended up staying with another African American family for a while. She was eventually treated differently because she didnt speak good English. On a lot of occasions I see that people are teased and made fun of because they were immigrants and English wasnt their first language. They have their accents with them and some of the accents might sound peculiar or strange causing others to laugh at them. I believe that this is wrong because all people should be treated the same way regardless of ethnicity or accent. Lastly, a final and apparent theme that I noticed in fakin da funk is the theme of mistreatment because of race. The foreign exchange student May-ling was referred to as the the Asian girl and was the butt of some Asian jokes because of her race. I believe that this was unfair because your ethnicity does not define who you are as a person. I have many Asian friends and I refer to them as their names. They are all human beings and deserve to be treated equally like everyone else.

Marketing Mix of Fanta Essay Example

Marketing Mix of Fanta Essay A favorite in Europe since the 1940s, Fanta was acquired by the Coca-Cola Company in 1960. Fanta Orange is the core flavor, representing about 70% of sales, but other citrus and fruit flavors have their own solid fan base. Consumers around the world, particularly teens, fondly associate Fanta with happiness and special times with friends and family. This positive imagery is driven by the brand’s fun, playful personality, which goes hand in hand with the bright color (particularly orange), bold fruit taste, and tingly carbonation. Fanta sells best in Brazil, Germany, Spain, Japan, Italy and Argentina. Fanta distribution was increased in the U. S. in 2001 with the return of four flavors: orange, strawberry, pineapple and grape. Orange, the biggest seller, is now available in most of the country. Product Fanta is available in 3 flavors namely Orange, green Apple and lime, green apple and lime were introduced only recently whereas the Fanta orange flavor has been prevalent in India for very long time now. Fanta orange is distributed everywhere i. . throughout the country where as other two are distributed only in selected cities. New Flavors International soft drink companies such as Coca-Cola and Pepsi Co. are attempting to enter the Indian market by attempting to bottle their national drink, coconut water. Such companies face fierce competition from the traditional players and will focus their attempts to create a presence in the market by using their mass marketing skills, which have contributed to their world wide success. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Mix of Fanta specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Mix of Fanta specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Mix of Fanta specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The companies reported interest in Kerala’s natural drink coincides with the struggle waged by certain radical groups against them and attempts by state sponsored coconut promotion agencies to increase the use of coconut products hurting their key products like Coke-Cola, Pepsi, Fanta and 7-up. Product Differentiation Coca Cola in orange and lime flavors i. e. with respect to Fanta faces sever competition from Pepsi Co’s Mirinda. Both the drinks can be differentiated on basis of two factors namely: Sweetness and Gas Contents. Fanta on one hand is too sweet to handle whereas mirinda is disliked by many because of the reason of its gas contents. Quality In India no product which uses water as the major component as part of its product is granted ISO standards. As repute of the Coca Cola as the company is on stake, it organizes frequent surprise visits to its various bottling plants. A Coca-Cola factory has slowed down production and fired 40 workers even as a state government report found that sludge from the factory contained high levels of lead and cadmium. Officials of the firm, however, said the layoffs had nothing to do with the quality control report or an earlier survey by the center for science and environment, which found high levels of pesticides in Coke and Pepsi beverages. The production slowdown took place at the Dankuni bottling plant near Kolkata a quality check on the sludge from Pepsi and coke’s bottling plants in west Bengal on Friday had revealed the presence of high levels of lead and cadmium. Dankuni plant official Joydeb Mukherjee described the workers as temporary hands, but did not elaborate by how much production had been reduced. A company spokesperson claimed that the slowdown in production was â€Å"a normal move† in keeping with lower demands in â€Å"off-seasons† and was not prompted by a fall in sales after the adverse quality reports. However, some of the retrenched workers claimed this was the first instance of jobs-cut in the Dankuni bottling plant. India’s Rs 1. 2 billion soft drinks market was rattled by the CSE study this week claiming a dozen popular brands of Coca-Cola and Pepsi contained pesticides. The firms scurried to allay consumer fears and refute the study by the NGO. Acting on CSE report, several state governments have carried tests of the sludge and beverage samples from the two companies plants. The West Bengal governments probe found that sludge from coca cola Dankuni plant contained about 80 mg/kg of cadmium when the permissible limit was only 50 mg/kg. Effluents from its two other bottling plants in West Bengal revealed 76 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg of cadmium respectively. Residues of these heavy metals had also been found in the sludge from coke’s bottling plants in Kerala state health authorities have asked the two companies to explain at what stage of production the two heavy metals were being used. Test reports on the beverages are expected on Tuesday. Coca-Cola in India accused of leaving farms parched and land posined The largest Coca-Cola plant in India is being accused of putting thousands of farmers out of work by draining the water that feeds their wells, and poisoning the land with waste sludge that the company claims is fertilizer. The plant in the southern state of Kerala is designed to satisfy the demand for coke in what has become the multinational company’s fastest growing market. But its huge demand for water is causing such damage to the local economy that the village council which had granted the company a license to operate is now demanding the plants closure. So desperate have the nearest villagers become for water since their wells dried up that Coca-Cola sends water tankers round every morning to supply minimum needs. The company denies the shortages have anything to do with its use of up to 1m liter of water a day from the underground aquifer that used to keep the wells topped up. The charity action aid says the crisis facing the once prosperous farming area is an example of the worst kind of inward investment by multinational companies in developing countries. In a report to the world trade organization’s meeting in Cancun, Mexico, in September the charity says this kind of abuse must be controlled. The report says Plachimada was a thriving agricultural community until Coca-Cola set up the bottling plant in 1998. Coconut groves and vegetable crops have had to be abandoned because of the lack of water. Action Aid says thousands of people worked on the land but now just 141 are employed at the plant, with a further 250 as casual laborers. Peaceful sit-in protests have been going on for more than four months. In a hut outside the plant a large Coca-cola bottle is kept in coffin. In a report today on Radio 4’s face the facts program details of the contaminants in the sludge Coca-Cola sells as fertilizer, gives away, or sometimes dumps in dry riverbeds are revealed for the first time. Samples taken in India and analysed by Exeter University show high levels of lead and cadmium in the sludge. Lead is particularly bad for children, affecting their nervous system, and cadmium is taken up by plants, is toxic to the kidneys and liver and can cause cancer. The report by David Santillo says: â€Å"Repeated applications of sludge, containing these sorts of levels of cadmium and lead, to agricultural soils would undoubtedly lead to a build-up of these toxic metals in the soil, from where cadmium could then be transferred to plants – and therefore into the food chain. This contaminated sludge sample also contained a high component of phosphorus, presumably the reason for its promotion as a fertilizer. However, the presence of high levels of cadmium and lead in the sludge make it completely unsuitable for use as a fertilizer. Sunil Gupta, vice-president of Coca-Cola India, says the company has been the target of a handful of extremist protesters and it is lack of rainfall that has caused local water supplies to be exhausted. The company claims to use a maximum of 600000 liters a day. Mr. Gupta also says Coca-cola undertook an environmental impact assessment before building the plant, but has declined to make one available. He stood by the claim that the sludge waste from the plant was fertilizer and said the company complied with all local environmental laws and stood for the welfare of the community. So far attempts by the local council to shut the plant have failed. An order by the Perumatty village council canceling the company’s license to operate, on the grounds that the bottling plant was over-exploiting the water resources, was overruled by the Kerala high court last month. PRICING POLICY Since the success of the organization in achieving the market objectives is measured on a profit basis, pricing policy must be under strict strategic ontrol. Pricing is certainly not the last activity of the mix to be considered, nor is something which can be quickly solved on the back of an envelop on the way of meeting with the advertising agency. Most organizations find pricing policy a difficult area to manage. More often than not, this is because insufficient research has been carried out in the mar ket place to find out the important parameters on pricing – the right price levels and the real flexibility open to organization in its pricing decision. Often an organization is more than happy to spend a hundred thousand dollars or pounds on researching its new product concepts, but is loathe to spend one percent of that on researching the different customer perceptions to various price levels. There are number of factors which will probably influence organization’s pricing policy, factors such as the competitor’s price, the position of the product in the lifecycle, company positioning policy, perceived level of differentiation and perceived value, and so on. One factor which, should not have any influence on the pricing policy is the internal production cost of the product/ service. Cost does not inform the organization about what price it should charge, that is the job of the marketplace. Cost only informs the organization about the levels of profit it will make from the sale. The most common mistakes in the pricing policy can easily be identified. First, organizations tend to be too cost oriented in the pricing. Second, price is often not revised enough to capitalize on market changes. Third, price is too often set independently of the rest of the marketing mix rather than as an intrinsic element of the market positioning strategy. Fourth, price is often not varied enough for different product items and different product items and different market segments. The critical element in strategic pricing is to strike the elusive balance between the organization’s need for profit and the market’s desire to pay the right price for the right product. FIXING POLICY OF PRICE The 200 ml bottle which costs Rs. five to the consumers actually cost Rs. 4. 33 to retailers. This is the price at which it is sold to them by the company distributors. This price of Rs. 4. 3 includes the production cost plus 300% marketing cost plus 42% excise duty plus profit margin of company and also the margin to be given to the middle menchain of distributors. Thus the cost of drink is not decided on the basis of market’s desire to pay right price for the right product but the organization’s need for profit. PRICING OF THE PRODUCT Against the 300-ml glass bottles priced Rs 10, the 200-ml bottles carry price points of either Rs 6 or Rs 7, depending on the market conditions and distribution costs specific to the region the brand is available in. Another move in this direction was lowering the prices of its 2 liter and 1. 5 liter PET bottles some months back with the objective of boosting in-home consumption. While the prices of 2 liter PET bottles were brought down from Rs 50 to Rs 43, prices of Coca-cola’s brand s available in 1. 5 liter bottles were scaled down from Rs 43 to Rs 38 around the same time. COMPETITOR’S PRICING Pepsi Foods, too, has 200 ml glass bottles for brand Pepsi, Mirinda orange and Mirinda lemon in select markets. The pricing strategy is similar- at Rs 6 and Rs 7 depending on the market the brand is present in. FACTORS LEADING TO EFFECTIVE PRICING Coca-Cola has been minimizing investments across most processes such as manufacturing and distribution, leveraging freight rates and implementing and ERP system which has led to cost saving. Also ensuring cost-efficiencies across the value chain has helped in scaling down costs. A target of cutting costs by 10 per cent every year has been set by the organization. TERMS OF TRADE Usually their does not exists any credit period in this trade. The amount is collected as cash as and when any delivery is made. But this is subject to change in case somebody wants to give credit to its buyer. Basically this depends from individual to individual. DISCOUNTS Generally discount of Rs. 2 Rs 4 per 24 bottles is allowed by the company to its distributors. FANTA MINI Coca-cola India announced a reduction in the retail prices of its carbonated soft drinks in the market. Accordingly, it will be priced at Rs. 5/ for 200 ml and Rs 8 for 300 ml bottles from their existing levels. The new prices have already come into effect. According to company sources, the prices have been cut by over 15 per cent. This is in keeping with the company’s policy to dramatically enhance the affordability and to bring them within an arm’s reach of consumers. The low prices will provide an opportunity to a larger section of consumers to experience our world-class products on a regular basis. Soft drinks are mass consumption products like tea or coffee and to make this happen they are addressing affordability and also right sizing the product to a 200 ml pack size. Its pricing and distribution policy with focus on affordability and availability proved to be a big success last year. The per capita consumption of soft drinks in India is very low even if compared to many third world countries. According to the company, the new price is expected to expand the consumer base and the market size of the soft drinks industry. To communicate this price drop in Tamil Nadu they have made a new TV commercial with actress Simran. The theme of this ad is innovative and tells the message in a unique way. Both the Fanta brand personality, as well as Simran’s attitude gels well and comes out strongly in this piece of advertisement. DISTRIBUTION PLACE POLICY Distribution or place policy is another area where the marketing function can spend lots of time for ultimately very little return. Distribution is a major question for most organizations – manufacturers are concerned with how to distribute and deliver product to the customer and service providers are concerned with the location of service points and customer accessibility. While there are marketing question behind distribution policy is quite simple – where would our customer expect to find our product or service? – Most distribution channels tend to have grown historically to their present configuration. There are two strategic questions to be answered before the distribution problem can be passed on. First, the distribution system should be accessed on a regular basis. If the organization were starting afresh, with a clean sheet of paper, what kind if distribution system or network would be required to meet our marketing objectives? Then, how would this ideal system compare with the system we currently have? Are there changes that the marketing tacticians need to look at here? The second strategic task is to ensure that the distribution policy marches, as far as possible, the needs of the overall marketing effort. With the shift of power, in some industry sectors, from producer to the distribution channel manager, we are starting to see entire marketing strategies being modified to see entire marketing strategies being modified to ensure adequate product/ service coverage. Such modifications, while they may produce short-term market advantage, also produce a marketing strategy which is distribution led rather than market led. India is not from a consumer or from a business point of view, one country. Therefore, coca cola has shifted its management system to what is called federal system in the last three years. That means instead of having, like in the US, a centralized government taking all the decisions, we have five, six or seven regions and get them to make a lot of the decisions on what is to be done about the business. So while a nodal strategy for India set for INDIA could be affordably – we ask each of those local regional vice-presidents who run the business to go and execute their strategy. It has been found out that in the south, Fanta has got a great opportunity, because there’s a strong tradition of drinking orange flavored drinks. It’s known that the South has always been a flavor-base market. While UP remains an 80 per cent cola market and Punjab is a 65 per cent cola market, carbonated soft drinks comprise about 40 percent of the Chennai market. Last year saw Pepsi Food’s Mirinda add a third apple variant to its orange and lime portfolio, and Fanta from Coca-cola being extended to three variants. Mirinda apple was rolled out in Bangalore last summers, and was taken to Chennai two days later. Last summer also saw Coca-cola India extending its orange carbonated soft drink brand, Fanta to green apple and watermelon variants in – you guessed it right – Chennai and Bangalore. That Fanta orange grew by 30 percent last year in Tamil Nadu explains why the company chose this market for similar extensions. (That Fanta Watermelon has since bombed is another story. ) BOTTLING INFORMATION The coca cola company received approval from the government in July 1996 to set up a holding company to invest US$ 700 million in downstream operating subsidiaries to engage in the preparation, packaging, sale and distribution of beverages. In July 1997, the holding company was permitted by the government to operationalize its bottling subsidiaries. The bottling subsidiary currently owns and operates twenty-six bottling plants and sixty distribution centers across India. In addition, it uses 20 contract packers to augment its production capacity and cater to the increasing demand for its wide portfolio of beverages. To reach India’s 300 million soft drink consumers, the company distributors its products in over 700000 retail outlets, serviced via trucks, converted three-wheelers, tricycles and pushcarts. PROMOTION Promotion is defined as the whole array of methods and procedures by which the organization communicates with its target markets. Physical evidence also has a strong communication effect in the marketplace as does the price (a strong communicator of product quality and differentiation). Personal selling is also traditionally included in the promotional element of the mix since it is essentially a communication function in the same way as other activities. Promotion is considered as the last element of the marketing mix since it should be the final activity to be planned within the marketing strategy/ it is the final strategy because no promotion can really tale place (or promotional objectives and plans laid) until decisions have been made on the est of the mix, and the organization knows what product is on the offer, the target market to be addressed, the price levels to be set, the distribution channels to be used and so on. THE PROMOTION PROCESS Strategically, the entire promotional activity can be seen, very simply, as a set of six broad steps. 1. Set of promotional objectives 2. Identify the target audienc e 3. Select the message 4. Select the Media 5. Agree budgets 6. Monitor, test and control results. Promotional Objectives: Like every promotion Fanta also has a focused objective of creating more and more customer base for itself and also sustaining the already created customer. With very thin line difference between Mirinda, a Pepsi Co. product it needs to promote itself extensively. Another focus of promotion should be product differentiation. Target Audience: Fanta comes in bright colors with the target customers as youngsters, teenagers and females. Message: Common feature in all its promotions is the fun, energy and boldness which is also represented by its tangy flavors and vibrant colors. With the target customers being teenagers and females it works really well. Media: Fanta is advertised extensively on television and radio. As far as print media is concerned, Fanta is advertised only for sponsorships and cross selling. Budgets: As known to everybody coca cola is spending handsome amount on advertisements and promotion. But the exact amount is not disclosed. Monitor, Test and Control Results: After the advertisements is aired its practice of the company to take feedback from the viewers as to the appeal and convincing power of the advertisement. A very nice drink Have always loved soft drinks mainly coca cola, lilt and Fanta orange. I tried several brands of lemon-flavored soft drinks but never liked them. I was talking to a friend about diet cola with lemon (which I did not like) and he told me to try Fanta icy lemon drink. I seem to have got hooked on it. This drink is not bitter which could explain why I have become addicted to it. If only I knew about it earlier, on the other hand it is better to have tried it late than never. The drink is so refreshing. Like all soft drinks it always tastes better ice cold. The smell of the drink is good since the smell of lemon is not over powering. Some lemon drinks have very strong smell of lemon for my liking. When you look at the ingredients used to make the drink you may notice lemon juice is only 6%. It would be nice if they told us the amount (percentage) of sugar used. Ingredients: carbonated water, lemon juice (6%), sugar, critic acid, stabilizers (e414, e445) preservative (e211), antioxidant (e300), flavorings, color (quinoline yellow) Cost: 1. 2 for a 2-liter bottle. You can also buy the drink in a can, 500 ml or 1. 5 liter bottles. The packaging is good, it has got a yellow and lime green color background with the word Fanta in dark blue, the word lemon is in yellow with green background. This drink is bottled under the authority of the coca cola company by coca cola enterprises limited , uxbridge, ub8 lez, Customer care helpline: free phone 0800 227711 For does people who want a bitter lemon soft drink then this product is not for you. On the other hand if you want your drink to be a little sweet with a touch of lemon then this is the one for you. Currently at tesco stores you can buy one 2-litter bottle and get second free, A real bargain. ADVERTISISNG AGENCY When coca cola is facing such stiff competition from Pepsi co. It cannot afford to compromise on advertising and promotion front which serves as the link between company and the general public. The quality and appeal of the advertisements depends upon the advertisements agency, which can contribute to great extent in making the product popular in the target segment. Just over a month after the beverage giant appointed Lintas to handle the communications business of the Rs 35-crore coca cola brand in India, the company has once again moved the coke account to roster agency McCann-Erickson. OM India has bagged the ad account of coca cola India brands Fanta and Sprite in India, estimated at Rs 25-crore. Prior to the shift, Leo Burnett was handling the advertising for sprite while McCann was designing creative for Fanta in India. It was only some time back that the coke account shifted to Leo Burnett from McCann Erickson. Leo Burnett continues to handle the ad account of Thums Up in India. The shift in account seems to be the direct fallout of the global realignment of coca cola brands Fanta and sprite with OM recently. Accordingly to Paul Simons, chairman, chief executive officer, Ogilvy UK, the billings on the sprite account are estimated at $ 85 million in the US alone. One major reason behind this move according to a senior marketing official at coca-cola India is â€Å"we have initiated all the concerned agencies about this realignment this morning itself. And we have made this move because we wanted to ensure that all our agencies had decent and sizeable portfolio†. FIZZ FIGHTS ON AND OFF SCREEN The big war unfolds yet again this summer. This time, the battle has gone beyond the LoC. And there’s no stopping till the thirsty cola hawks down the other as the giants continue to fight each other behind enemy lines. It was very recent when we saw Fardeen Khan play a jobless cola cola salesman cheekly saying â€Å"Life Ho To Aisi† in a Pepsi commercial having a dig at the coke line. Coke soon changed its line with Aamir drilling into our heads that ‘Thanda matlab coca cola’ – roughly translated, ‘Cold (drink) means coca cola’. In less than two days, Pepsi officials brag, they got Fardeen Khan shooting in Hyderabad to come up with an updated dig at Coke’s new line. This time, Fardeen’s pepsi- fetching assistant is heard saying â€Å"Unka business tanda hai† (their business is cold). Coke did not take the attack coolly at all. The company got hunk Salman to take a dig at Pwpsi’s new flavor Aha! Ever before the drink was launched all over the country. Salman is seen telling a kid, â€Å"first, it was plain sweet, now, they have put lime in to it. Next, they will put salt, chilli, masala†. Perfect time for pepsi to bring two of its biggest ambassadors together – Amitabh and Sachin in a commercial directed by Prahlad Kakkar. The superstars are seen flying kites in the commercial urging its youth target audience â€Å"not to settle for what you have†, urging them â€Å"to create a life they want to live† – reinstating the ‘more’ philosophy of the brand (that translates to ambition and fun) in a direct contrast to Coke’s philosophy of celebrating life, the way it is and cherishing even the smaller moments. Remember the Vijay series of coke commercials, directed by Rajiv Menon? If coke had an ambassador in Vijay, pepsi had one in maddy – the most recent being the commercial with the ‘Kannathil Muthamittal’ premier are the backdrop. Coke’s Fanta then roped in maddy’s kannathil co-star Simran to endorse the tangy soft drink. Well, that was just a recap. Pepsi and maddy were back in action in the city to launch Aha! , the new flavor with a hint of lime as pepsi officials describe it (the brand variant is called twist in other markets in the world – namely US, Mexico and Saudi Arabia). During the launch, pepsi officials revealed their plans for the summer and the year ahead. The news for Chennai is that pepsi will be bringing down Bryan Adams later in the year! And there are negotiations on for in-film promotions with Rajnikant’s project ‘Baba’. Pepsi claims that it is undoubtedly the market leader in the country and that its market shares equals that of coke and thums up put together. Though there are conflicting versions in the statistics provided by coke and pepsi, the truth that lies in between these statistics is that the race etween the cola giants is a very close one. For coca-cola, Chennai is a Fanta drinking market. and Simran being introduced as an ambassador, obviously is targeted at more a larger male audience. Pepsi with heart-throb ambassador maddy (more popular with the female target group) insists that it is a cola drinking market and that Mirinda outsells Fanta here. Someone once said, â€Å"there are lies, and then there are s tatistics†. However, cracking this code does not require a beautiful mind or a mathematical genius such as John Nash. The market leader lies in the eyes of the bottle-holder. Life is like that? Aha! MAKING IMPACT When coca cola and pepsi co are spending equally handsome amount to create and sustain a market for themselves through extensive advertising what matters is how well viewers are able to recall them and actually relate themselves to them. Recently, ad agency FCB ulka checked out viewer recall of the major world cup campaigns in Mumbai, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Kochi. Sachin-Shah Rukh ad score a 61% recall rate among the 400 adults who were contacted, compared to 9% for coca cola’s refresh Ho Ja ad featuring Karishma Kapoor. ATCH a cricketing icon, bundle in a brash movie star, add a dash of irreverence and pepsi co has got a nation hooked. For the past few years, the company’s men in blue have been churning out advertisements that are almost instant superhits. And pepsi co’s latest campaign featuring idols Shah Rukh Khan and Sachin Tendulkar has been a winner, despite India crashing out of the world cup. In fact, further research showed that all of pepsi’s ads put together enjoyed a recall of 72% versus 22% for coke. Gulp! Catch coke agreeing with all this company official argues that pepsi ads are more popular because you see them once every hour or more. â€Å"At least that’s what happened during the world cup. It is sheer frequency and reflects the money they have spent on the world cup,† says a coke executive. Coke argues that the ‘Dil Mange More’ line does not go with all the disparate campaigns of pepsi. It was used with the Kajol ad, then again with the Sachin mask ad, and now with the Sachin-Shah Rukh one. What is the connection, asks coke, â€Å"just because it is a good line doesn’t mean it goes with everything. For instance, look at our advertising – Pyar mohabbat coca cola’ cannot be used in the Karishma ad. Even our lines become a hit – ‘Pyar mohabbat coca cola’ was a hit; so was the ‘Peeti kya coca cola’ in the Aati kya khandala ad, says a coca cola executive. And, once the world cup is over, what will pepsi do? BRICKBATS†¦. Have you seen Fanta’s new tv commercial? How do you like it? Bad. And too loud. Isn’t it? Yes. You are right. The ad in question is not up to the mark. As you very well know that an ad represents a brand in the market. In fact, every small thing used in an ad – be it the background color. The model, the type of clothes makeup used, the music, the setting, the props – and other things, all construct a personality of that brand in the consumer’s mind. Now, if you look at the Fanta’s ad what image you’d associate this brand with? Childish. Immature, pompous†¦ moreover, it’s a proven fact that whenever a brand is endorsed by a known personality, the personality, slowly and steady, becomes the brand itself. Take Sharukh Khan’s association with Santro in consideration. What does that reflect? Santro as a mature, intelligent and energetic personality, just like Mr. Khan. Or take closer loot at James Bond and Omega (or BMW). Doesn’t the brand Omega become smart, suave, hi-flying, like the personality endorsing it? Yes, it’s true, by all means now, let’s talk about Ms. Rani Mukherjee’s association with the brand Fanta. First of all Rani doesn’t represent the generation that the brand Fanta is supposed to be targeting at. Secondly, Rani doesn’t possess any personality trait that matches with the brand’s intrinsic qualities or which can give the brand a new image. Rani as a personality can be summed up as a below-average-looking-film-star-with-oodles-of-luck-and-connections-type-and-nodistinct- personality. By no means, she belongs to the class of role models our young generation would look up to (or follow for anything). Now, all this simply means that whenever any of the prospects of the brand Fanta look at the current com

Fordism essays

Fordism essays Discuss the major components of the new capitalism that emerges during the 1920s: the alliance between state and industrial capital, Taylorism, and Fordism. How do these affect workers? In 1920, America was fresh out of World War 1 and carrying a boisterous attitude. From the War, Americans realized that industry meant power in the overall scheme of the world. By 1920, a new capitalism was known in industry. The major components of this new capitalism were: an alliance between state and industrial capital, Taylorism, and Fordism. These components, as well as how they affect workers will be discussed in this essay. After the war, workers began returning to factories to assume their old positions. What they found were owners of large corporations gaining more and more control over employees. Owners were proposing to crush the striking power of the working class in turn for higher wages, and increased benefits. These higher wages led to a new capitalism which is as Greene describes (Greene, 1998:111), a new era of harmony between capital and labor. At the start of 1920, industry was the largest contributor to the GMP, 200 companies contributed to over half of this countrys wealth. During the war, it was industry that swayed the outcome as factories shifted their attention to producing ships and weapons. The time immediately following the war was also focused on improving the army and navy to become second to none, which meant an increase in the governments industrial interest. One way to ensure that the government could help industry was to help intervene in strikes that had become widespread throughout factories. Owners were finding that the government was a useful ally in the ending of strikes. Most strikes were solved in court cases, and cases that went as high as the Supreme Court were now being decided in favor of owners, as well as provid...

Perspectives in HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Perspectives in HRM - Essay Example One of the goals human resources is to retain the aging workforce to minimize the effect of labor shortage. According to Human Capital Theory this is a viable alternative. Age and performance have been known to be unrelated, thus aging and the lost of ability to function that accompanies it are not are not factors with older workers (University of Vermont). There are three HRM theories that can help professionals in this human resource field deal with the aging workforce dilemma. The three theories are contingency perspective, best practices approach and resourced-based. Contingency perspective says that organizations will be most successful when HR strategies fit their organizational strategy (Clarkson, 2006). There different ways for companies to deal with the problem of aging workforce, but in order for any approach to work in a particular company the HR must consider the organization culture and options that are aligned with the business. For example if an organization has a lot low tech people that like human interaction a training initiative to develop in house talent utilizing e-learning techniques would go against the principles of the contingency perspective. The best practice approach says that firms should imitate HRM leaders and some practices work better than others (Clarkson, 2006). Companies in the UK should keep a close eye on what other firms are doing to deal with the shortage of workers due to an aging workforce. The resourced-based theory is similar to the best practices approach but the theory encourages companies to utilize multiple approaches when dealing with human resource issues. The turnover of workers is an issue human resources have been dealing with for years. The aging workforce created a new type of involuntary turnover which is affecting enterprises. The top involuntary turnover category used to be dismissals, but the new aging

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Snyder v. Phelps - Assignment Example Therefore, the congregation picketed in military funerals to demonstrate their beliefs. On this occasion, Phelps led his flock to picket at Marine Lance Corporal Matthew Snyder’s funeral. He died while in battle in Iraq in 2006. Through the event, protesters displayed placards with thematic messages like, acknowledging God for 9/11 event, thanking God for the death of the soldier and asking the public not to pray for America. Furthermore, church members recounted Bible verses and resonated hymns. Snyder later sued Phelps and the church on the basis that their actions caused him severe emotional distress. However, Phelps defended and sought protection of the Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment to the Constitution. Bhakhama (2012) affirms that the case took an interesting twist as jury in Maryland settled the claims and awarded Snyder a reasonable compensation. However, the Supreme Court reversed the decision in favor of the church because the protestors addressed Americans fate, homosexuality, and moral conduct. In justification of the decision, the Supreme Court emphasized that First Amendment offered exceptional shield for speech on civic issues. Hence, the court maintained that Westboro Baptist Church members who picketed adjacent to the funeral site expressed legal acts. Thus, the demonstrators’ engaged in accordance with provisions of state-law. On the contrary, the church never committed purposeful cause of emotional misery, meddling, and civil intrigue. Fighting words doctrine comprised of speeches with a possibility to make a recipient commit an act of violence. However, First Amendment never prohibits expression of similar speeches especially when addressing common concerns, yet opposes subset of abusive words and violence. Thus, this is a personal analysis and thoughts about application of the doctrine in relation Chaplinsky versus New Hampshire. Generally, the Supreme Court’s verdict presented a major dilemma. Critics still argue

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Body Of Evolution Of Musical Film Genres Film Essay

Body Of Evolution Of Musical Film Genres Film Essay On the primitive period, musical generates as an hybrid from European operetta and American vaudeville and music hall. A director that represents this period is Busby Berkeley. His films pay not attention to the plot, are vehicle for song and dance. It is pure spectacle and sensuality. Sex is offered through the gaze (Hayward, 2000). On the mature period, from the 30s to the 50s, songs and dance move with the narrative and are introduced on a natural way. Fred Astaire develops an elegant, stylised style and Gene Kelly develops a more energetic one (Hayward, 2000). From the 50s to the 70s, musicals are more realistic, subjects as racism, delinquency are treated. Examples are West side story, whose narrative is based on Romeo and Juliet, Saturday Night Fever and Grease. Some other films go back to the traditional narrative structure, as Barbra Streisand and The sound of Music(1965) (Hayward, 2000). Cabaret(1972) Bob Fosse has influences of art cinema and the camera work is different than usual, it goes from fluid to vertiginous (Hayward, 2000). Formal conventions, stereotypes and narrative (Hayward, 2000) (Cohan, 2010) For Altman (1989) musicals on the mature period are an ode to marriage. The narrative is based on the principle of pairing and mirroring. Male and female are paired, maturity is paired to immaturity. The main characters are mirrored in other couples, settings are mirrored in others (Hayward, 2000). Camera work, editing compared to dominant codes of continuity. Use of diegesis. The genre can not be as used to be on the past, these times are far too cynical for it, it would not be taken seriously. The way to do it would be making singing an dancing naturalised within a fictive world or being represented as fantasies occurring within a characters mind (Cohan, 2010). Conventions in HSM follow the traditional ones . It follows the principle of duality (the two main characters). What it adds is a contrast between authenticity, represented by the main couple, and manipulated artistry, represented by another couple formed by Sharpay and Ryan. (Cohan, 2010). theories of spectatorship and scopophilia (Richardson, 2008), (Hayward, 2000) and (Sturken Cartwright, 2009) It is interesting to analyse what appeals the viewer. We can go from psychoanalytical theories, to cognitive theories, to theories that distinguish the spectator for gender, to later theories that consider that the spectator the pleasure that the spectator feel at looking at others. Some musical genre detractors consider that the character breaking suddenly out into singing and dancing creates a sense of alienation as spectator(Cohan, 2010). Reasons that can help to revive the genre. Cohan mentions David Rooney and Jonathan Bing describing which can be the factors to bring back musicals. They mention the development of new technology to help with the task of shooting and editing and to reduce costs. Also the after-market of the fans of musical can be financially interesting, as they are repeat viewers, so DVDs and soundtracks would sell, as well as merchandising would do. Another interesting factor is that youth audience has been raised on music videos. This could help to explain the success of High School Musical or Glee (Cohan, 2010).There are also negative factors, as that cinema industry is offering young male audience other products that get their attention (Cohan, 2010). Intertextuality. Viewers have a wider visual knowledge that make them able to understand messages transmitted on ambiguous ways. This mechanism is known as intertextuality. Chandler (2003) quotes Leiss (1990): The growing preponderance of visuals in ads has enhanced the ambiguity of meaning embedded in message structures. Earlier advertising usually states its message quite explicitly through the medium of written text, but starting in the mid-1920s visual representation became more common, and the relationship between text and visual image became complementary that is, the text explained the visual. In the postwar period, and especially since the early 1960s, the function of text moved away from explaining the visual and towards a more cryptic form, in which text appeared as a kind of key to the visual. In all, the effect was to make the commercial message more ambiguous; a reading of it depended on relating elements in the ads internal structure to each other, as well as drawing in references from the external world. HSM and authorship. HSM in schools. Postmodernism in last musicals productions for TV Cohan (2010) quotes Edwards: The charm and artistic merit of the original HSM movie lies in its ability to consider a sophisticated theatrical and musical heritage and consequently revise it for a modern audience à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ it simultaneously conforms to genre expectations and pays homage to its textual influences while taking a postmodern delight in exposing its own limitations and playing with some gentle pastiche of literary and cinematic predecessors.

Future of Automobiles :: science

Future of Automobiles Lately the trend in cars has been anything but. Lately in the United States the trend has moved toward the SUV or the Sports Utility Vechile. Thats Right the family station wagon and the Minivan are things of the past and I am going to take you through a thorough examination my favorite the Toyota 4Runner Ltd 1997 Toyota 4Runner Limited 4WD WHAT'S NEW FOR 1997 All-new 4Runner debuts with more interior room, stronger engines, dual airbags, new colors, and a top-of- the-line Limited trim level. For the first time, the 4Runner boasts a unique chassis and sheetmetal not shared with the Tacoma pickup. PROS AND CONS Pros: Great looks and ground-pounding performance make the 4Runner an ideal choice for people who love the great outdoors as well as those who just want to look like they do. Cons: Steep price and choppy highway ride temper our enthusiasm for this otherwise outstanding truck. For Successful five-year run, the second-generation Toyota 4Runner has been retired, and not a moment too soon. Fresh in 1990, the 4Runner aged quickly as the sport utility market exploded and other automakers introduced larger, safer and more powerful rivals. By 1995, the compact pickup-based 4Runner offered little, other than Toyota's reputation for reliability, to entice buyers. For 1996, Toyota has separated this high-volume SUV from its pickup truck roots. The new 4Runner shares little with the Tacoma pickup. As a result, engineers have created a more refined vehicle without sacrificing tough off-road ability. Suspension travel and tread width are both up to improve off-road ability, ride, and handling. The interior is larger in every direction, thanks to a wheelbase that is two inches longer than the previous version. A lower floor and wider doors make getting into and out of the 4Runner less of an exercise in contortionism. Rear leg room is up by three inches, and cargo space has been improved as well. Two engines are available on the 4Runner; a 2.7-liter inline four cylinder that makes 150 horsepower at 4800 rpm and 177 pounds- feet of torque at 4000 rpm., and a 3.4-liter V-6 producing 183 horsepower at 4800 rpm and 217 pounds-feet of torque at 3600 rpm. These figures represent a substantial improvement over the old anemic four cylinder and wheezy V-6 -- in fact, the new 2.7-liter four is more powerful than the 1995 model's 3.0-liter six.

Bell 412 Specs

Bell 412EP Product Specifications May 2012 Specifications subject to change without notice. Bell 412EP Product Specification 412 Product Spec – COVER. indd 1 1 November 2011 6/5/2012 8:41:16 PM 412 Product Spec – COVER. indd 2 6/5/2012 8:41:16 PM Table of Contents Publisher’s Notice †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1 Bell 412EP †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 Specification Summary (U.S. Units) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 Specification Summary (Metric Units) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 BLR Strake and FastFin ® †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 External Dimensions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 Bell 412EP Seating and Interior Trim Choices †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 10 Standard Configuration†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 12 Optional Accessories †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 16 Helicopter Performance Charts †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 21 Hover Performance Charts †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 Fuel Flow vs. Airspeed †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 31 Cost of Operations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 44 Limited Life Components †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 47 Paint Schemes †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 9 Bell 412EP Product Specification May 2012 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 1 i  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 6/5/2012 8:37:05 PM 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 2 6/5/2012 8:37:05 PM Publisher’s Notice The data presented in this document are general in nature, and have been compiled from Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. (BHTI) source materials incl uding but not limited to: The Approved Rotorcraft Flight Manual, Maintenance Manual, Illustrated Parts Catalog, and other engineering design specifications.This document is intended for the use of BHTI employees, and BHTI independent representatives (international dealers), and for prospective customers as an aid in determining estimated weight and performance of the helicopter when configured with equipment for specific missions. Disclosure, reproduction, or use of any material in this document by persons other than BHTI employees, and BHTI independent representatives, and prospective customers are forbidden without written permission from Bell Helicopter Textron Inc.The listings of Optional Equipment (â€Å"Kits†) are subject to revision and change, and also may be different for specific serial number helicopters or special custom configurations. Please consult the â€Å"Notes† column found in the optional equipment list tables for equipment compatibility. The contin uing product improvement process of BHTI may cause some components, equipment, and compatibility to be changed or replaced. The specifications, weights, dimensions, and performance data shown in this document are subject to change without notice. 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. Bell, 206, 407, 407GX, 429, 412, Huey II, LongRanger and JetRanger are registered trademarks of Textron Innovations Inc. All rights reserved Specifications subject to change without notice. Bell 412EP Product Specification May 2012 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 1 1  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 6/5/2012 8:37:05 PM Page Intentionally Left Blank  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 2 2 Bell 412EP Production Specification May 2012 6/5/2012 8:37:05 PM Bell 412EP RELIABLE, RUGGED AND READYThe Bell 412EP is the workhorse of the helicopter industry with a reputation of getting up and going to work every day in even the most extreme environments. †¢ Proven Pratt & Whitney PT6T-3D Twin Pac engines with more than 25 million flight hours in more than 2,000 aircraft worldwide †¢ High retirement and overhaul intervals – 5,000 hour drive system TBO – 4,000 hour engine overhaul interval – On-condition composite main rotor blades †¢ 25,000 hours between premature engine removals †¢ Excellent Category A / JAR OPS 3 capability †¢ Rugged fuselage with rollover bulkhead protection and rupture resistant fuel cellsThe data set forth in this document are general in nature and may vary with conditions. For performance data and operating limitations for any specific flight mission, reference must be made to the approved Flight Manual Bell 412EP Product Specification May 2012 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 3 3  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 6/5/2012 8:37:05 PM Specification Summary (U. S. Units) Weight lb Weight lb Empty Weight (IFR Std. Config. ) 1 6,964 Maximum Gross Weight (Internal) 11,900 Useful Load (In ternal, IFR Std. Config. ) 4,936 Maximum Gross Weight (External) 11,900 Maximum External Load 4,500 Performance Summary:Takeoff, Gross Weight lb IGE Hovering Ceiling 9,500 10,500 11,900 ISA OGE Hovering Ceiling ft 17,400 14,300 10,200 ISA + 20  °C ft 14,400 10,900 6,200 ISA 10,400 5,200 10,300 6,050 (11,890 lb @ SL) ISA ft 14,000 11,270 7,270 ft 12,120 9,000 4,990 ISA Service Ceiling (AEO) 13,800 ft ISA + 20  °C FAA Take Off and Landing Limit, WAT 2 ft ISA + 20  °C ft 19,840 18,760 16,290 (continuous OEI) ISA ft 11,450 8,850 5,400 (30 minute OEI) 3 ISA ft 12,850 10,500 7,600 4,000 ft, ISA kts 132 130 125 n mi 366 364 358 kts 126 125 122 n mi 414 410 401 kts 131 130 125 Maximum Continuous Cruise (true airspeed) Cruise at Long Range Cruise (LRC) SpeedRange 4 LRC Speed (average true airspeed) Range SL, ISA 4 LRC Speed (average true airspeed) Catagory A Takeoff and Landing Ceiling 4,000 ft, ISA ft 6,000 3,400 (11,580 lb @ SL) ft 3,750 1,200 (10,800 lb @ SL) SL, ISA hr 4. 0 3. 9 3. 6 4,000 ft, ISA Endurance at Loiter Speed 4 ISA ISA + 20  °C Elevated Helipad hr 4. 3 4. 2 3. 9 Uninstalled Thermodynamic Power Engine Ratings: (100% RPM) Engine Rated Power 2 x 950 2 x 900 Standard: Pratt & Whitney PT6T-3D Twin Pac Takeoff (5 minutes) SHP Max Continuous Power SHP 2 x 950 2 x 800 OEI (2-1/2 minutes) SHP 1 x 1,140 1 x 1,133 OEI (continuous) SHP 1 x 970 1 x 1,024 OEI (30 minutes)SHP 1 x 1,066 1 x 1,079 OEI (continuous) SHP 1 x 950 N/A Optional: Pratt & Whitney PT6T-3DF Twin Pac Transmission Ratings (100% RPM, at mast) Takeoff (5-minute) 1,370 SHP Max Continuous Power 1,110 SHP Single Engine Limited by Power Available Fuel (usable) Type Aviation Turbine Capacity 330. 5 US Gallons Note 1 IFR Standard Configuration includes all items listed in the Standard Configuration table of this document as well as twenty-five pounds (eleven kilograms) of engine oil. Ballast is not included in the standard configuration (ballast is a function of installed equipment). Note 2 With BLR FastFin ® System.Does not apply for Catagory B, 9-passenger seat configuration. The data set forth in this document are general in nature and may vary with conditions. For performance data and operating limitations for any specific flight mission, reference must be made to the approved Flight Manual  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 4 4 Bell 412EP Production Specification May 2012 6/5/2012 8:37:06 PM Specification Summary (Metric Units) Weight kg Weight kg Empty Weight (IFR Std. Config. ) 1 3,159 Maximum Gross Weight (Internal) 5,398 Useful Load (Internal, IFR Std. Config. ) 2,239 Maximum Gross Weight (External) 5,398Maximum External Load 2,041 Performance Summary: Takeoff, Gross Weight kg IGE Hovering Ceiling ISA 4,309 4,763 5,398 m 5,304 4,359 3,109 ISA + 20  °C m 4,389 3,322 1,890 ISA OGE Hovering Ceiling m 4,206 3,170 1,585 ISA + 20  °C m 3,139 1,844 (5,393 kg @ SL) ISA m 4,267 3,435 2,216 ISA + 20  °C FAA Take Off and Landing Li mit, WAT 2 m 3,694 2,743 1,521 Service Ceiling (AEO) ISA m 6,047 5,718 4,919 (continuous OEI) ISA m 3,490 2,697 1,646 ISA m 3,917 3,200 2,316 1,219 m, ISA km/h 244 241 232 km 678 674 663 (30 minute OEI) 3 Maximum Continuous Cruise (true airspeed) Cruise at Long Range Cruise (LRC) Speed Range 4 LRC Speed (average true airspeed)Range 4 LRC Speed (average true airspeed) SL, ISA 1,219 m, ISA km/h 233 232 226 km 767 757 743 243 241 232 m 1,829 1,036 (5,253 kg @ SL) m 1,143 366 (4,899 kg @ SL) SL, ISA hr 4. 0 3. 9 3. 6 1,219 m, ISA Elevated Helipad Endurance at Loiter Speed 4 km/h ISA + 20  °C Catagory A Takeoff and Landing Ceiling hr 4. 3 4. 2 3. 9 ISA Uninstalled Thermodynamic Power Engine Ratings: (100% RPM) Engine Rated Power Standard: Pratt & Whitney PT6T-3D Twin Pac Takeoff (5 minutes) kW 2 x 708 2 x 671 Max Continuous Power kW 2 x 708 2 x 597 OEI (2-1/2 minutes) kW 1 x 850 1 x 845 OEI (continuous) kW 1 x 723 1 x 764 OEI (30 minutes) kW 1 x 795 1 x 805OEI (continuous) kW 1 x 708 N /A Optional: Pratt & Whitney PT6T-3DF Twin Pac Transmission Ratings (100% RPM, at mast) Takeoff (5-minute) 1,022 kW Max Continuous Power 828 kW Single Engine Limited by Power Available Fuel (usable) Type Aviation Turbine Capacity 1,251 liters Note 3 Increased capability available with optional Pratt & Whitney PT6T-3DF (30 minute OEI Power Kit). Note 4 Standard fuel, no reserve. The data set forth in this document are general in nature and may vary with conditions. For performance data and operating limitations for any specific flight mission, reference must be made to the approved Flight ManualBell 412EP Product Specification May 2012 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 5 5  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 6/5/2012 8:37:06 PM BLR Strake and FastFin ® Bell Helicopter has partnered with BLR Aerospace to provide its performance, safety and efficiency-enhancing FastFin ® system as a standard feature on new Bell 412EP aircraft orders. The system incorporates two parallel stall str ips along the tail boom and a reshaped vertical fin. These modifications combine to optimize airflow around the tail boom, improving the handling, stability and lifting capacity of the Bell 412EP in all environments, especially high and hot conditions.The FastFin ® system is a combination of two separate modifications, one to the vertical fin and the other to the tailboom. For clarity, the term FastFin ® refers to the BLR modification that changes the shape and contour of the vertical fin. The term FastFin ® System refers to the combined FastFin ® and Dual Tail Boom Strake installation. The performance benefits of this system include increased tail rotor effectiveness and higher crosswind speed tolerance at hover in certain conditions.In conditions where the aircraft is currently tail rotor limited the FastFin ® System results in increased Weight-Altitude-Temperature (WAT) capability for takeoff, landing and in-ground-effect maneuvers, providing substantial improvement in useful load for hot/high operation (See performance chart below). 14,000 Be ll 41 M 2EP ax G wit Be ro h ss Fa ll 41 W stF 2E ei in gh TM P M tL S ax im ys G it tem ro ss W ei gh tL im it 12,000 Density Altitude (feet) 10000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 8,000 9,000 10,000 Gross Weight (lb) 11,000 12,000 Bell 412EP WAT Improvement with FastFin ® SystemThe data set forth in this document are general in nature and may vary with conditions. For performance data and operating limitations for any specific flight mission, reference must be made to the approved Flight Manual  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 6 6 Bell 412EP Production Specification May 2012 6/5/2012 8:37:06 PM Page Intentionally Left Blank Bell 412EP Product Specification May 2012 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 7 7  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 6/5/2012 8:37:06 PM External Dimensions LOW SKID GEAR Bell 412EP Low Skid Gear OPTIONAL HIGH SKID GEAR WITH AAI FLITESTEP ® Bell 412E PHigh Skid Gear Specifications subject to change without notice.  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 8 8 Bell 412EP Production Specification May 2012 6/5/2012 8:37:08 PM OPTIONAL EMERGENCY FLOAT GEAR WITH AAI FLOATSTEPâ„ ¢ Bell 412EP Float Kit OPTIONAL BLADE FOLDING KIT DIMENSIONS Minimum Hanger Size* Rotor Not Folded 33. 0 ft x 49. 6 ft (10. 1 m x 15. 2 m) Minimum Hanger Size* Rotor Folded 9. 5 ft x 55. 8 ft (2. 9 m x 17. 1 m) *Allowance should be made for high skid gear, ground wheels, emply fuel condition and door lip when considering hangar door width and height Specifications subject to change without notice.Bell 412EP Product Specification May 2012 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 9 9  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 6/5/2012 8:37:10 PM Bell 412EP Seating and Interior Trim Choices Crew Seats – Two individual energy attenuating seats, fore/aft and up/down adjustable, each equipped with seat belt, double strap shoulder harness and inertia reel. Available with Grey, Blue, Red, or Tan upholstery which will match that selected for the cabin. Passenger Seats – 13 seats offered in three options. (NOTE: Seating option 1 meets the criteria required by FAA regulations for installation in U. S. registered helicopters.Seating Options 2 & 3 require the addition of the STC Alpine 412 Passenger Shoulder Harness Kit for installation in U. S. registered helicopters. ) 1) Standard Seating – Fabric covered high-backed folding seats with individual seat belts and single strap shoulder harness and inertia reel, arranged with one row of four (two 2-place benches) forward facing seats, and one row of five forward facing seats, and two outward facing two place benches (one on either side of the transmission). Available with Grey, Blue, Red, or Tan upholstery with Black seat belts. Seats are are also available in all vinyl at additional cost. (210. lb [95. 7 kg] included in the standard configuration weight. ) STA NDARD SEATING (Shown with standard interior trim and floor covering) SEATING OPTIONS 2 AND 3 NOT ILLUSTRATED 2) Utility Seating – Available for U. S. registered helicopters ONLY with addition of STC Alpine 412 Passenger Shoulder Harness Kit. Nylon covered bench type seating arranged with one row of four rearward facing seats (behind the crew seats), one row of five forward facing seats (in front of the transmission), and two outward facing two place benches (one on either side of the transmission). Each seat has an individual seat belt. Available in Tan or Black.The Utility Seating decreases the standard configuration weight (-93. 3 lb [-42. 3 kg], with Alpine Shoulder Harness -59. 5 lb [-27. 0 kg]). 3) Cushioned Utility Seating – Available for U. S. registered helicopters ONLY with addition of STC Alpine 412 Passenger Shoulder Harness Kit. As in 2) above with the addition of fabric covered cushions, available in the same colors as the Standard Seating. The Cushioned U tility Seating decreases the standard configuration weight (-81. 1 lb [-36. 8 kg], with Alpine Shoulder Harness -47. 3 lb [-21. 5 kg]). Specifications subject to change without notice.  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 12EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 10 10 Bell 412EP Production Specification May 2012 6/5/2012 8:37:10 PM INTERIOR TRIM CHOICES 1) Standard Interior Trim – The Standard Interior Trim is provided as a NO COST OPTION, but is not included in the Standard Configuration Empty Weight. Included are: Plastic closeouts on upper sidewalls, window reveals, and cabin headliner; Padded vinyl covering the floor and lower door panels; Lower aft bulkhead covered with padded vinyl blankets. The hard plastic headliner and closeouts are off-white in color, and the padded bulkhead blankets and floor covering are color coordinated to match the seat color selection.The Standard Interior Trim increases the standard configuration empty weight (165. 7 lb [75. 2 kg]). 2) Utility Inter ior Trim – The Utility Interior Trim consists of: Light beige vinyl covered headliner and bulkhead blankets; Doors painted light beige; Floor painted brown. The Utility Interior Trim is included in the standard configuration empty weight (33. 3 lb [15. 1 kg]). CUSTOMIZED SEATING [Example] Customized Seating – Custom designed interiors are available from aircraft completion centers to meet the needs of Corporate or Emergency Medical Service customers. Specifications subject to change without notice.Bell 412EP Product Specification May 2012 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 11 11  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 6/5/2012 8:37:10 PM Standard Configuration (Items Included In List Price) AIRFRAME TRANSMISSION/ DRIVE SYSTEM Aluminum alloy fuselage (over 240 ft3 [6. 8M3]) loading space Glass windshields Main rotor transmission with 4 chip detectors/2 debris collectors Tinted overhead windows Vibration isolation / suspension mounts (4) Dual windshield wipers Main Lift lin k (single point suspension) Fresh air ventilators with adjustable outlets (8 cockpit and 12 aft cabin) 42? gearbox (sight gage and magnetic drain plug/chip detector)Bleed air heater and defroster with air noise suppression 90? gearbox (sight gage and magnetic drain plug/chip detector) Cargo tie-down fittings (51 aft cabin floor) Hydraulic pumps for controls (2 independent systems) Map and data case Transmission oil cooler Cabin fire extinguisher (2) Swingout jettisonable doors (2 for forward cabin) POWER PLANT Sliding doors (2 for aft cabin access with 2 emergency exit panels on each door) Automatic governors (2) Pratt & Whitney of Canada PT6T-3D â€Å"Twin Pac† (1800 SHP) Swingout panels for extended access to aft cabin (2) Magnetic chip detectors Fixed step on skids for entry to forward cabin (2)Torque limiter Fuel System (330. 5 US Gal [1251 liter] usable, rupture resistant cells and breakaway vent fitting) Retractable steps for aft cabin access (2) Baggage compartment in tail boom (over 28 ft [0. 8M ], 400 lb [181kg] capacity). 3 3 Pumps on engines and submerged in fuel tanks Skid-type landing gear with replaceable wear shoes Fuel filter assembly Mooring and jacking fittings (4) Oil coolers (2) External attachment fittings (16) Fire detection system (2) Semi-monocoque tailboom Fire extinguisher system (2) BLR Strake and FastFin RPM warning system  ® Elevator (airspeed / spring-cartridge controlled) Hinged cowling Tail skidStarter-generators (2) Cargo hook provisions Power turbine RPM control actuators AUDIO Combining gearbox with chip detector Two station aft intercom system w/crew interface Separate firewall protection for each engine ROTORS & CONTROLS Overriding clutches (2) Soft-in-plane flex beam hub with four fiberglass blades Extended Engine Exhaust Deflectors Main rotor droop restraint COMMUNICATIONS & NAVIGATION Pendulum vibration absorbers 720 Channel VHF rec/trans transceiver (KTR-908) Semi-rigid, two bladed all-metal tail rotor VHF ante nna All controls hydraulically boosted (dual systems for main rotor) 2 Headsets (pilot & copilot)Force trim system and artificial feel (electrically set) 2 Intercomunication Panels (ICS) (pilot & copilot) Dual controls Emergency Transmit Switch Cyclic stick centering Horizontal Situation Indicator RPM governor selector control Attitude Director Indicator Manual engine torque matching and trim Attitude and Heading Reference Systems (2) Dual Digital Three axis AFCS (2 flight control computers) Cockpit voice recorder provisions Rotor brake Specifications subject to change without notice.  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 12 12 Bell 412EP Production Specification May 2012 6/5/2012 8:37:10 PMStandard Configuration (continued) FLIGHT & ENGINE INSTRUMENTS FLIGHT & ENGINE INSTRUMENTS (continued) Flight Director Nav Coupler (3-axis) Master warning lights on the instrument panel draw attention to: Free air temperature indicator RPM Pitot static system wit h electric pitot heat Eng 2 Out Eng 2 Fire Eng 1 Out AL-300 Data Display Eng 1 Fire Baggage Fire Cyclic Radar altimeter #1 Over torque centering Altimeter (barometric) (mast) IFR EQUIPMENT Clock, digital quartz chronometer Co-pilot clock Hourmeter Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) (KDM-706) Magnetic compass, pilot’s standby IFR FAA kit Airspeed indicatorAutomatic Direction Finder (ADF) (XDF-806) Rate of climb indicator Nav receiver #1 VOR/LOC with HB/HSI (KNR-634) Turn and slip indicator Nav receiver #2 VOR/LOC with HSI (KNR-634) Triple tachometer (rotor and engines) VHF-AM Comm #2 radio (KTR-908) Dual hydraulic press/temp indicator (2) Transponder (MST67) Gas producer tach indicator (2) Co-pilot instruments (FAA) Triple torque indicator (Eng 1, Eng 2, mast) Standby attitude indicator Engine oil-temp/press indicator (2) ELECTRICAL Turbine inlet temperature indicator (2) Generator (2) (30 volt, 200 ampere DC startergenerator derated to 150 amperes) Fuel pressure indicatorTran smission oil-temp/press indicator Inverters (2), (450 volt ampere single phase, solid state) Dual DC and AC voltmeters Nickel cadmium battery (40 ampere hours) Dual DC loadmeter Battery over-temp warning Fire detection warning (3) Generator voltage regulators Combining gearbox oil-temp/press indicator Instrument (integral) lights (white) Flight data recorder provisions Navigation lights Caution & Warning System – Master caution light on panel draws attention to the pedestal mounted annunciator panel when worded segments illuminate: Landing light-retractable Anticollision light (2) Engine oil press (2) DC generator (2)Tritium lighted emergency exit signs Trans oil press Gen overheat (2) Cockpit lights (2) Trans oil temp AC inverter (2) Dome lights (3) Comb box oil press External power External power receptacle Comb box oil temp Battery switch Twin ignition and starting systems Chip detectors (5) Battery temp Seat belt sign Fuel boost (2) Hydraulic Passenger step lights Fuel fi lter (2) Door locks Baggage compartment light & fire sensor Fuel valve (2) Heater Utility cabin lights (removable) Fuel low (2) Part sep off (2) Fuel X feed Rotor brake (2) PAINT Emerg gov manual (2) Caution panel Markings for high visibility M/R blades (white & orange)Specifications subject to change without notice. Bell 412EP Product Specification May 2012 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 13 13  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 6/5/2012 8:37:10 PM Standard Configuration (continued) MISCELLANEOUS Covers, tail pipe, turbine air inlet, and pitot tube Flight bag Ground handling wheels, hydraulically activated Manuals: Aircraft log, Engine log, Engine operations, Flight, Maintenance & Overhaul Manual, Illustrated Parts Catalog Tie-down assemblies, main rotor & tail rotor INTERIOR TRIM Choice of Standard or Utility Interior Trim. Standard; Rigid three-piece headliner in cabin, padded iberglass floor covering, bulkheads, trimmed with cream-colored plastic and color-coordinated vinyl coated fiberglass, cabin doors trimmed with plastic, special soundproofing, seat upholstered with foam and fabric. Selection of fabric colors. Not included in Standard Configuration Weight, increases empty weight 165. 6 pounds (75. 1 kilograms) when installed. Utility; Beige soundproofing blankets on bulkheads and overhead; doors painted beige, floor painted brown. Included in Standard Configuration Weight (approximately 32. 6 pounds, 914. 8 kilograms). Specifications subject to change without notice. 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 14 14 Bell 412EP Production Specification May 2012 6/5/2012 8:37:10 PM Page Intentionally Left Blank Bell 412EP Product Specification May 2012 412EP Product Spec 2012-02. indd 15 15  © 2012 Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. 6/5/2012 8:37:10 PM Optional Accessories [Kits listed below are compatible with the FAA IFR 3-axis / non-EFIS configuration except as individually noted] Additional kits and STC items may be available for factory installation. Please consult sales or contract personnel regarding special needs prior to selection of final configuration.Wt (lb) Wt (kg) Notes 11. 7 5. 3 1, 2 FIXED STEP RIGHT HAND 11. 6 5. 3 1, 2 HEAVY DUTY HIGH SKID GEAR w/o STEPS 18. 5 8. 4 1, 3 HEAVY DUTY HIGH CROSS TUBES FOR EMER. FLOATS 3. 8 1. 7 EMERGENCY FLOATS (provisions) 51. 0 23. 2 EMERGENCY FLOATS /RESERVOIR & NOSE 97. 5 44. 2 4 EMERGENCY FLOATS (L. G. w/ FLOATS & PWR STEPS) 168. 8 76. 6 1, 4 HEATED WINDSHIELD 9. 8 4. 4 1 EXPANDABLE BOLTS – MAIN ROTOR 3. 0 1. 4 FUEL KIT – MANIFOLD DRAIN 0. 3 0. 1 Kit Description AIRFRAME FIXED STEP LEFT HAND 9 CELL FUEL SYS 4 -16. 1 -7. 3 SEAT BELT SIGN – STD INTR 0. 3 0. 1 SEAT BELT SIGN – DLX INTR 0. 3 0. 1 AUX FUEL PROVS 5. 4 . 5 5 AUX FUEL, 16. 3 GAL LH 20. 2 9. 1 5 AUX FUEL, 16. 3 GAL RH 20. 2 9. 1 5 AUX FUEL, 81. 7 GAL LH (REQUIRES REMOVAL OF 2 OUTBOARD-FACING PAX SEATS) 50. 3 22. 8 5 AUX FUEL, 81. 7 GAL RH (REQUIRES REMOVAL OF 2 OUTBOARD- FACING PAX SEATS) 50. 3 22. 8 5 5 INDICATOR, FUEL QTY, AUX FUEL -0. 1 0. 0 TOLERANT FUEL 98. 5 44. 7 EFIS (ELECTRONIC FLIGHT INSTRUMENT SYSTEM) 113. 4 51. 4 1, 6 4-AXIS DDAFCS W/ DUAL FLIGHT DIRECTOR 26. 4 12. 0 7 PRIMUS 700 WEATHER RADAR 49. 1 22. 3 7 PRIMUS 700 WEATHER RADAR W/ EFIS 54. 6 24. 8 7 ENCODING ALTIMETER 0. 1 0. 0 1, 7 RADAR ALTIMETER #2 12. 2 5. 6 7 CABIN PA SYSTEM (NON-EFIS)

Poetry and Lady Essays

Poetry and Lady Essays Poetry and Lady Essay Poetry and Lady Essay I have chosen the poem, Lady Feeding the Cats by Douglas Stewart, to explore how the poet has used Australian visions to explore ideas about Australia. Douglas Stewart a poet who brings texts to life and shapes meaning giving them a distinctly visual image. He conveys this by using visual imagery and descriptive language in his poems this is conveyed in Lady feeding the cat. Lady Feeding the Cats, a poem links to the AOS- Australian Vision. The poem is really meaningful and deep as the cats described the old lady at the end to be a gracious and sweet queen of the cat . The lady in this poem is a poor person who lives in the slum and wears the bedraggled bonnet and clothing but she is the queen in those cats mind. In the poem, Douglas has described Domain and Moreton Bays as a part of Australia; it makes us aware that they lived in Australia and the behaviours from the lady who lives in bad conditions and is a poor person but still treats others well, especially the wild cats. The title, Lady Feeding the Cats, is appropriately chosen as symbolises a sense of volunteering and mateship. As shown in the text it claims that to feed those outlaws, represents and shows a metaphor for the great Australian values of volunteering and mateship. The poem lady feeding the cat has a sense of loneliness and links man and nature. Lady feeding the cat portrays a poor women living in the slums of Sydney and comes to the domain everyday to feed the cats. Stewart uses visual imagery throughout the first stanza â€Å"broken shoes†, slums weather stains. Douglas uses this technique to explain and paint an image in the readers’ head of this women’s economic standing in the world. In the first stanza Douglas uses alliteration Shuffling-shoes-slums All the three words are interconnected showing someone who is ‘shuffling’ generally old – connected to shoes because he is hobbling along – slums shows the person shuffling is not just wearing old shoes but also lives in slums indicating poverty. Douglas Stewart also uses simile by stating like a pine in the rain- often pine trees are not grown very symmetric but rather looks straggly especially when it has been raining and everything is wet and drooping. In the second stanza it says â€Å"they rub at her legs for the bounty that never fails† its shows the connection and the friendship between the lady and the cats exploring the Australians values about the mateship. The lady in this poem gets her salvation from these cats without the cats she would have nothing, the cats also rely on the lady without this lady they would not get fed. The metaphor â€Å"If she has fed their bodies, they have fed more than the body in her†, revels that the lady fed the cats but the cats have fed her with love.